COVID-19 Vaccination drive in India (COVISHIELD and COVAXIN)

Today is the day, we were eagerly waiting from a very long period. The country launched its COVID-19 vaccination drive, today. India's regulator has granted restricted emergency use approval for two vaccines- COVISHIELD and COVAXIN.

This is the World's largest immunization exercise. We got the opportunity to become the witness of COVID-19 Vaccination drive in India, this Indian historical event, and this day i.e. January 16, 2021, will be remembered as Indian Event day in Future.

The country's massive nationwide Covid-19 vaccination drive kicked off by PM Modi via video conferencing on 16 January, 2021. PM Modi also launched the government's Co-WIN (COVID Vaccine Intelligence Network) app, a digital platform created for real time monitoring of coronavirus vaccines delivery and distribution, on the same day.

Two Hospitals are prepared for PM interaction with vaccinated staff. The cost of vaccination of healthcare and frontline workers are borne by the Centre. A dedicated 24*7 hotline -1075 has also been set up to address queries related to vaccine rollout and Co-WIN software.

Indian Government approved first, COVISHIELD, COVID-19 vaccine, as very safe and effective vaccine. The Centre planed to vaccinate nearly 3 crores healthcare workers and frontline workers followed by those above 50 years and under 50 years with comorbidities (diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, hypertension and psychiatric orders) in this COVID-19 Vaccination drive.

Vaccinators have to store both vaccines at +2 degree to +8 degree temperature, protect them from light and discard the vaccine if found to be frozen.

Centre has shared a leaflet of DO's and DON'Ts, highlighting precautions and contradictions for vaccination along with a comparative factsheet, both the vaccines (Covishield and Covaxin), two days before roll out of COVID-19 Vaccination drive in India.

DO's and DON'Ts of COVID-19 vaccine.

1. Administration of COVID-19 vaccine should be done separated by only interval of 14 days.

2. Interchanging of COVID-19 vaccines are not allowed. The second dose should be of the same vaccine of which the first dose was administrated.

3. COVID-19 vaccination is allowed only for 18 years and above.

Contradictions

1. Persons with history of any allergic reaction to a previous dose of COVID-19 Vaccine.

2. Pregnant women and lactating mothers should not receive the vaccine.

3. People who show an immediate or delayed onset of an allergic reaction to vaccines or injectable therapies, pharmaceutical products and food items.

The vaccines should be given with "caution" to the persons with a history of any bleeding or coagulation disorder.

Possible adverse reaction mentioned in the Factsheet for both vaccines:

It is normal to have certain reactions after a vaccination. There may be redness, swelling or pain around the injection site. Fatigue, fever, headache and aching limbs are also common in first these days after vaccination. These normal vaccine reactions are usually mild and subside after a few days.

In such cases, the factsheets says the common painkiller paracetamol may be used.

Rare Adverse Events for Both the Vaccines-:

The rare adverse events, for Covishield, the nerves in body are with a protective layer called myelin like a network of electric wires that helps transmit message from the brain smoothly through the body. Conditions that damage myelin are called demyelinating disorders. The factsheets says "very rare events of demyelinating disorders" have been reported following vaccination with Covishield "without the causal relationship establishment".

Bharat Biotech, the manufacturer of Covaxin, has said no serious adverse event has been reported in phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 trials (phase 3 trials with 25800 participants). Bharat Biotech also said that chloroquine and corticosteroids, both used as repurposed drugs in Covid-19 clinical management, "may impair antibody response" likely to be triggered by the vaccine.

Both Pfizer and Moderna report that their COVID-19 Vaccinations are approximately 95% effective at preventing both mild and severe symptoms of COVID-19.

Widespread COVID-19 Vaccination for the coronavirus will limit the spread of COVID -19 through communities.

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